What is computer science?
Computer science is centered on the theory and fundamentals behind computing. It’s about designing software, building algorithms and developing new systems to solve complex problems. This discipline blends mathematics, logic and engineering to explore the design, development and analysis of software and hardware technologies.
Through this foundation, computer science provides the tools to understand and advance technologies that impact industries such as health care, finance and communications. It serves as the engine behind innovations in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and data science.
What do computer scientists do?
Computer scientists apply the principles of computer science to design, develop and improve software, systems and technologies. Their work combines creativity with technical knowledge to solve real-world problems across industries such as business, science, education and entertainment.
Daily responsibilities vary depending on role and specialization, but often include:
- Addressing cybersecurity concerns to protect data and digital infrastructure.
- Analyzing existing systems to improve efficiency, performance or security.
- Collaborating with engineers, analysts and other stakeholders to build innovative digital solutions.
- Designing and maintaining software systems, applications and platforms for web, mobile or enterprise use.
- Researching and developing algorithms, programming languages and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence or data science.
7 top jobs for computer science majors
The field of computer science offers a wide range of career opportunities, each requiring unique skills and ways to make an impact. Whether you’re passionate about designing software, analyzing systems or driving technological innovation, there’s a path for you.
Below are eight in-demand career paths for computer science graduates. Included is the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data for the median annual wage for the roles as of May 2024, and the projected growth in employment for these roles from 2023-2033.
- Data scientist: Analyze complex data sets to uncover trends and insights that inform business decisions. Use statistical methods and machine learning to build predictive models and solve real-world problems.
- $112,590
- Projected 36% job growth (Much faster than average)
- Information security analyst: Plan and implement security measures to protect computer networks and systems from cyber threats. This role requires identifying vulnerabilities and acting proactively.
- $124,910
- Projected 33% job growth (Much faster than average)
- Computer and information research scientist: Invent new computing methods and technologies to push the boundaries of what is possible. Work includes research in fields such as artificial intelligence, healthcare and robotics.
- $140,910
- Projected 26% job growth (Much faster than average)
- Software developer: Design and build applications to meet user needs. Collaborate with teams, troubleshoot issues and keep software running securely.
- $131,450
- Projected 17% job growth (Much faster than average)
- Computer systems analyst: Evaluate and improve an organization’s technology infrastructure. Identify and implement tech solutions that increase efficiency and productivity.
- $103,790
- Projected 11% job growth (Much faster than average)
- Database administrator: Manage and organize data using specialized software to ensure data security, availability and integrity. Maintain database performance, troubleshoot issues and implement updates.
- $123,100
- Projected 9% job growth (Much faster than average)
- Web developer: Create engaging and user-friendly websites. Design web interfaces that perform well across devices and deliver a seamless experience.
- $95,380
- Projected 8% job growth (Faster than average)
The CS skills you’ll need to succeed
To thrive in the always evolving world of computer science, you’ll need a mix of technical knowledge, creative problem solving and the ability to communicate ideas effectively.
“A computer science degree provides the foundation and essential skills to prepare you for your career, but it’s just the beginning,” noted Farideh Tadayon, a teaching professor in the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, part of the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University. “You should be ready to continue learning on your own, depending on the specific requirements of your job. While the degree gives you a strong starting point, being open to new topics and willing to adapt is key to long-term success in the field.”
Top skills you’ll need to develop include:
- Coding fluency: Master programming languages such as Python, Java and C++ to drive today’s most advanced technologies.
- Problem solving: Break down complex challenges and design efficient, scalable solutions through algorithm design and system optimization.
- Purposeful innovation: Use creativity to build cutting-edge software, apps and platforms that address real-world needs.
- System optimization: Test, refine and improve systems for peak performance and efficiency.
- Collaboration: Work seamlessly with teams of developers, engineers and designers to bring big ideas to life.
- Clear communication: Effectively explain technical concepts to both technical and non-technical audiences.
- Curiosity and adaptability: Stay ahead in the ever-evolving tech landscape through continuous learning.
