What do computer scientists do?

What is computer science?

At its core, computer science is about solving problems by combining technical expertise with creativity. Professionals in this field design software, develop algorithms and build systems that power industries such as entertainment, health care and engineering. This makes computer science a fast-growing, high-paying field.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the employment of computer and information research scientists is projected to grow 26% between 2023 and 2033; that’s much faster than the average for all occupations. Additionally, the median annual wage for these roles was $145,080 as of 2023.

The CS skills you’ll need to succeed

To thrive in the fast-paced world of computer science, you’ll need a mix of technical knowledge, creative problem solving and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. A quality computer science program will help you develop the following key skills:

• Clear communication: Effectively explain technical concepts to both technical and non-technical audiences.
• Coding fluency: Master programming languages such as Python, Java and C++ to drive today’s most advanced technologies.
• Collaboration: Work seamlessly with teams of developers, engineers and designers to bring big ideas to life.
• Curiosity and adaptability: Stay ahead in the ever-evolving tech landscape through continuous learning.
• Problem solving: Break down complex challenges and design efficient, scalable solutions through algorithm design and system optimization.
• Purposeful innovation: Use creativity to build cutting-edge software, apps and platforms that address real-world needs.
• System optimization: Test, refine and improve systems for peak performance and efficiency.

Top jobs within the field of computer science

The field of computer science offers a wide range of dynamic career opportunities, each requiring unique skills and offering diverse ways to make an impact. Whether you’re passionate about designing software, analyzing systems or driving technological innovation, there’s a path for you.

Some of the top CS roles include:

Computer and information research scientist

• Push the boundaries of technology by inventing new computing methods and applications. You’ll dive into research, creating breakthrough technologies that can transform industries such AI, healthcare and robotics.
• The BLS projects 26% job growth from 2023 to 2033; much faster than the average for all occupations. The median annual wage for the role in 2023 was $145,080.

Computer systems analyst

• Assess and improve an organization’s technology infrastructure. You’ll work with businesses to identify tech solutions that boost efficiency, productivity and innovation, tailoring systems to meet specific goals.
• The BLS projects 11% job growth for this role over the next decade, with a median annual wage of $103,800 in 2023.

Information security analyst

• Protect an organization's computer network and systems by planning and implementing security measures that protect from cyber threats. This role requires a deep understanding of technology and a proactive approach to identifying vulnerabilities.
• This is one of the fastest-growing jobs in America with a projected growth rate of 33% from 2023-2033. It’s also a high-paying role with a median annual wage of $120,360 in 2023.

Software developer

• Bring ideas to life by designing and building applications that meet user needs. You’ll collaborate with teams, solve problems creatively and constantly update software to keep it running smoothly and securely.
• According to the BLS, job growth for the group that includes software developers, quality assurance analysts and testers is projected at 17% from 2023-2033, with a median salary of $130,160 in 2023.

Web developer

• Combine creativity with technical skills to build engaging, user-friendly websites. You’ll design and implement web interfaces that look great and work seamlessly across devices.
• Growth is projected at 8%, with a median salary of $92,750 in 2023.

Computer science vs. IT: How do they compare?

• Computer science is centered on the theory and fundamentals behind computing. It’s about designing software, building algorithms and developing new systems to solve complex problems. In essence, computer science professionals are the innovators and creators, working behind the scenes to build the technologies that power everything from apps to artificial intelligence.
• In contrast, information technology focuses on applying these technologies to meet organizational needs. IT professionals ensure that technology infrastructure, such as networks, servers and software systems, runs smoothly and securely. They manage the day-to-day operations, troubleshoot technical issues and implement solutions to help businesses operate efficiently. While computer science builds the tools, IT makes sure they work seamlessly in real-world environments.

Earn your computer science degree online with Arizona State University

ASU Online’s Bachelor of Science in computer science and Master of Computer Science programs, offered by the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, are designed to prepare you for careers in the field. Whether you’re just starting your journey or looking to deepen your expertise, these programs equip you with the skills needed to tackle real-world challenges in software development, data security, artificial intelligence and more.

• In the bachelor’s program, you’ll build a solid foundation in programming, algorithm design and system development. You’ll learn to apply theory to practical applications, from creating efficient software systems to designing secure networks. The program’s ABET accreditation means that your degree will be recognized by top companies worldwide, setting you up for roles at industry leaders such as Google and Amazon. And with our Accelerated Master’s program, you can earn your master’s in computer science in as little as one year after completing your bachelor’s.
• Our CS master’s program deepens your knowledge. Our graduate program allows you to tailor your studies to match your career goals, with electives in a variety of topics such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and software engineering. Additionally, our computer science master’s program has two available concentrations: big data systems and cybersecurity. Whether you're looking to invent the next generation of gaming systems or secure the digital future with advanced cybersecurity techniques, ASU’s online master of computer science program provides the tools and flexibility to help you thrive in a high-demand, high-reward field.

In addition to the CS programs above, ASU’s W.P. Carey School of Business offers bachelor’s and master’s programs that can prepare for careers in computer science.

• The Bachelor of Science in business data analytics equips you with the skills to manage and analyze large datasets, transforming raw information into actionable business insights. The program’s coursework covers data warehousing, dimensional modeling and big data analytics methods, emphasizing both technical proficiency and organizational acumen. This program distinguishes itself from traditional computer science degrees by focusing on the practical application of data analysis to solve specific business challenges, rather than the broader theoretical and technical aspects of computing. You’ll graduate prepared for roles such as data analyst, business intelligence analyst and data architect. In these jobs, you’ll apply analytical techniques to drive strategic decision making and operational improvements within organizations.
• The Bachelor of Science in computer information systems prepares you to design, develop and manage software applications and systems that support business operations and managerial decision making. This program differentiates itself from traditional computer science degrees by integrating a strong business foundation with technical expertise, focusing on the practical application of technology to meet organizational goals. The coursework emphasizes technical skills such as data management, project management and business intelligence, while also fostering an understanding of business processes and stakeholder engagement.
• The Master of Science in business analytics equips you with advanced skills in data mining, visualization and predictive analytics, enabling you to transform complex datasets into actionable business strategies. The program’s coursework emphasizes practical applications of data analysis, preparing you for roles such as data scientist, business intelligence analyst and analytics consultant. This program integrates business acumen with analytical expertise, allowing you to leverage data-driven insights for strategic decision making within various organizational contexts.
• The Master of Science in artificial intelligence in business prepares you to strategically integrate AI into business operations, enhance decision making and foster innovation. The coursework balances technical proficiency in AI technologies with insights into business strategy, management and ethics, preparing you for roles such as AI consultant, technology implementation specialist and business transformation leader. This master’s program emphasizes the practical application of AI within business contexts, enabling you to lead AI-driven transformations across a variety of industries.