Considering a career in tech? Two of the most popular career paths to consider are information technology (IT) and computer science (CS). Both fields offer in-demand job prospects, but they differ in focus and skill sets. Understanding these differences will help you choose the path that best aligns with your interests and career goals.
What is information technology?
If you’re driven to solve real-world tech challenges and enjoy hands-on work, information technology could be your ideal career path. IT professionals focus on keeping systems and networks operational, secure and efficient, ensuring businesses run smoothly. With roles ranging from managing databases to leading cybersecurity efforts, the IT field offers diverse opportunities across industries. IT jobs include:
- Information security analysts develop and implement security measures to protect sensitive information from cyberattacks. This is one of the most in-demand roles in the country. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects employment of information security analysts to grow 33% from 2023 to 2033; that’s much faster than the average for all occupations. It’s well-paid, too, with the median annual pay being $120,360 in 2023.
- Network and computer systems administrators manage and maintain networks that keep businesses connected and running efficiently. Per the BLS, the median annual pay for this role was $95,360 in 2023.
- Computer and information systems managers oversee databases to ensure they’re secure, functional and accessible to authorized users. The 2023 median annual pay for this role was $169,510, and job growth over the next ten years is a projected 17%; much faster than the average for all occupations.
- IT project managers lead teams in executing technology projects, ensuring they meet business objectives and deadlines. The job growth for all project management specialists (not necessarily specific to the IT field) is projected to grow 7% from 2023 to 2033, which is faster than the average for all occupations. Additionally, the BLS reports the median annual pay for the role was $98,580 in 2023.
Key skillsets for IT success:
- Cloud computing: Manage and deploy cloud-based resources.
- Data management: Ensure that databases are secure, optimized, and accessible.
- Network security: Implement protocols that protect systems from cyber threats.
- Programming: Use languages such as Python and SQL to maintain and troubleshoot technology systems.
- Project management: Coordinate tech projects, keeping them on track and aligned with business goals.
What is computer science?
If you’re intrigued by the theory behind technology and want to create innovative solutions, computer science offers a more technical and creative path. Computer scientists focus on developing software, algorithms and systems that drive innovation in fields such as artificial intelligence, data science and cybersecurity. This field allows for a deeper dive into coding, problem-solving and system design. CS jobs include:
- Artificial Intelligence specialists design AI systems that can learn and adapt, transforming industries such as healthcare and finance.
- Data scientists analyze large data sets to generate insights, using algorithms and machine learning. Data science is one of the fastest growing fields in the country, with the BLS projecting 36% growth for the role from 2023 to 2033, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. And the median annual pay for the role was $108,020 in 2023.
- Software engineers develop software applications that solve problems and improve how we interact with technology. For the group that includes software developers, quality assurance analysts and testers, the BLS projects job growth of 17% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for all occupations. And the median annual pay for these roles was $130,160 in 2023.
- Web developers create dynamic, user-friendly websites for optimal functionality across platforms. The BLS reports the 2023 median annual pay for the group that includes web developers and digital designers was $92,750. They project 8% growth for the roles over the next ten years.
Key skillsets for CS success:
- Algorithm design: Build efficient algorithms to solve computational problems.
- Data structures: Manage and organize data for quick retrieval and use in applications.
- Mathematical foundations: Apply logic and math to design advanced computing systems.
- Programming mastery: Proficiency in Java, C++ and other languages to create complex software and systems.
- Software development: Build, test and refine software systems from mobile apps to enterprise platforms.
