Understanding the differences between a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and a Bachelor of Science (BS) will help you make the best degree choice for your career and educational goals. Both degrees typically require 120 credit hours and take about four years to complete, but they differ in their academic focus and flexibility.
The key differences between a BA and a BS
- A BA degree emphasizes a liberal arts education, encouraging exploration of the arts, humanities and social sciences. BA programs often offer more flexibility with electives. They can also be a better choice for students who want to double major, study abroad or explore interdisciplinary fields.
- In contrast, a BS degree provides a deeper dive into the technical, analytical and scientific aspects of a field. These programs typically include more coursework in math, science and technology, equipping students with specialized skills for careers in healthcare, engineering, data analytics and more.
How a BA and BS are similar
While the coursework varies, both degree types share several key features:
- Time commitment: Both typically take four years of full-time study.
- Credit requirements: Each typically requires 120 credit hours.
- Core classes: General education courses in writing, math and science provide a solid foundation for any field.
- Career flexibility: Both degrees can prepare you for graduate school or various career paths, depending on your major.
Choosing between a BA and BS of the same subject
Some disciplines offer both BA and BS options. The choice between the two depends on your interests and career aspirations.
“Look at the differences in the required courses for both degrees,” advised Bo Lanich, associate director of recruitment and enrollment at EdPlus at Arizona State University. “These differences can give you a good understanding of what learning outcomes you’ll gain and help you avoid picking a major that does not align with your goals.”
“Selecting a BS may mean taking additional math, science or statistics courses,” Lanich added. “However, a BA may replace these courses with electives or greater flexibility to choose related coursework while still providing you with a sound understanding of the subject material.”
Below are a few examples of a how a BA and BS in the same subject may differ:
Anthropology
- A Bachelor of Arts in anthropology explores cultural and social aspects of human behavior, preparing you for careers in education, cultural resource management or nonprofit work.
- A Bachelor of Science in anthropology highlights scientific and technical methods, including archaeology and biological anthropology, ideal for careers in forensic science, lab research or museum curation.
Sustainability
- A Bachelor of Arts in sustainability examines the human and social dimensions of environmental challenges, preparing students for careers in policy, urban planning or community advocacy.
- A Bachelor of Science in sustainability emphasizes technical, scientific and quantitative approaches, equipping students for roles in renewable energy, environmental consulting or corporate sustainability.
Psychology
- A Bachelor of Arts in psychology focuses on communication and social sciences, ideal for careers in counseling, human resources or community services.
- A Bachelor of Science in psychology emphasizes research, data analysis and scientific methods, preparing students for roles in clinical research, neuroscience or graduate studies.
Which degree type is best for you?
Choosing between a BA and a BS depends on your goals, strengths and interests. Here are some guiding questions to help:
- What career paths interest you? Research the qualifications for your desired role. For example, fields such as software development or nursing may favor a BS, while marketing or social work might align with a BA.
- Do you prefer creative or analytical work? Offering a BA and a BS in the same subject helps you further personalize your learning. BA degrees often nurture creativity and critical thinking, while BS programs focus on quantitative and technical skills.
- What is your long-term goal? If you plan to attend graduate school, or have a specific job in mind, consider which degree will best prepare you. A BS tends to focus more on the research or science behind the subject, while a BA often exposes students to real-life applications of the material.